list of dictatorship countries11 Mar list of dictatorship countries
[9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Photo: Lars Klove. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The dictator is the absolute ruler. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. 1. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Abstract. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. Single-party dictatorships: 5. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. He all but eradicated corruption. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Uganda. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. Equatorial Guinea. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. #SOSCuba. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. 10. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Albania - Communist Regime 3. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. 8. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Countries that start with: The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism.
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