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This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Baker, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - Biography of James Addison III Baker, Miller Center - Biography of James A. Baker, James Addison Baker - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Iraq Study Group before U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee. When we were talking with him about this, he thought the two-state solution was still the right goal, and that there had to be compromise on both sides to reach a workable and enduring resolution of the issue.. Get email notification for articles from Amir Tibon. James A. Baker III served in senior government positions under three United States Presidents and was a central figure in the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George Bush in the 1980s and early 1990s. From 1957 to 1969, and then from 1973 to 1975 he practiced law at the law firm of Andrews & Kurth. In 1975, he was appointed Under Secretary of Commerce for Gerald Ford. Corrections? Learn more about the Baker Institutes membership forum, which supports the mission of the institute and offers members exclusive access to experts and events. U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III, right, and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir conferring following meetings at the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem, September 17, 1991. Credit: AP Amir Tibon Follow Sep 29, 2020 It's a quote that has haunted former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker for almost three decades. The 2008 film Recount covers the days following the controversial election. [33] During his time at Enron, Baker tried to warn against the company's involvement with the Dabhol Power Station in India. [19] Soviet states forced action by holding referendums on independence. "It was cleaned and inspected the day before the party.". James Addison Baker was born in Houston, Texas at 1216 Bissonnet, to James A. Baker, Jr. (1892-1973) and Ethel Bonner (born Means) Baker (August 6, 1894 - April 26, 1991). Reagan appointed Baker as his White House Chief of Staff, and Baker remained in that position until 1985, when he became the Secretary of the Treasury. Darman continued in the next administration as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. [10] From 1992 to 1993, he served as Bush's White House Chief of Staff, the same position that he had held from 1981 to 1985 during the first Reagan administration. Virginia was the daughter of James A. Baker IV, who is the son of the former cabinet secretary. Bush and Baker had a strained relationship with Israeli leaders from the start, the book explains. His son James A. Baker Jr. was called Captain Baker for his time in the Houston Light Guards, a uniformed company of the state's National Guard formed by Confederate veterans after. In 1978, Baker ran unsuccessfully to become Attorney General of Texas, losing to future Governor Mark White. Baker, however, was happy with the reception, The tension between the two governments became a full-blown crisis a year later in 1990 when, as described in the book, a deputy foreign minister named Benjamin Netanyahu openly assailed the United States for being too gullible in its dealings with the Palestinians., Netanyahu, then in his early 40s and a rising star in Likud, said in remarks to the media: It is astonishing that a superpower like the United States, which was supposed to be the symbol of political fairness and international honesty, is building its policy on a foundation of distortion and lies.. From his combat service during World War II until his time at the highest levels in American political leadership, he spent his career trying to make our country the very best it could be," said Secretary Baker. The 23-year-old son of James A. Baker 3d, the White House chief of staff, has surrendered to the county authorities on a felony warrant charging him with delivering marijuana. Biography of the GOP elder statesman chronicles his battles with Israel, including the time he barred Netanyahu from entering the State Department. [29] In August, following the Democratic Convention, with Bush trailing Clinton in the polls by 24 points,[30] Bush announced that Baker would return to the White House as Chief of Staff and as head of the re-election campaign. She died of breast cancer in February 1970. Koch wrote that during a recent White House meeting Baker had responded to criticism of his tough approach to Israel by saying, Fuck em. John C. Baker. with honors in 1957 and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from 1957 to 1975. Bush. Studying timely issues in global economic policy as well as developmental policy in foreign countries. When youre serious about peace, call us., A day later, the authors note, Baker sent flowers to the White House operators to apologize for subjecting them to a flood of calls by giving out their phone number instead of his own. Baker's first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, was active in the Republican Party, working on the Congressional campaigns of George H. W. Bush. In 1993 Baker became the founding chair of the James A. Baker III Institute of Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Journalism power-couple Susan Glasser, a staff writer at the New Yorker, and Peter Baker, the New York Times' chief White House correspondent, have cowritten The Man Who Ran Washington, a biography of former Secretary of State and White House chief of staff James A. Baker III, arguably the 20th century's savviest DC power player.. Baker played a role in nearly every major event near the . He received his J.D. Baker also led presidential campaigns for Presidents Gerald Ford, Reagan and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections . His memoir, Work Hard, Studyand Keep Out of Politics!, was published in 2006. Who is James Baker? Writing about Mr. Baker years later,. Baker also called on Shamir to forswear annexation. He was previously married to Mary Stuart McHenry. James Baker, in full James Addison Baker III, (born April 28, 1930, Houston, Texas, U.S.), American government official, political manager, and lawyer who occupied important posts in the Republican presidential administrations of the 1980s and early '90s, including that of U.S. secretary of state (1989-92). [18] In the Bush administration, Baker was a proponent of the notion that the USSR should be kept territorially intact, arguing that it would be destabilizing to have the USSR's nuclear arsenal in multiple new states. Neither Koch nor Safire named a source, but the former mayor later acknowledged in a book that Kemp was the one who tipped him off., Peter Baker and Susan Glasser interviewed both Kemp and James Baker about the episode. Baker, no relation, is the co-author of "The Man Who Ran Washington: the Life and Times of James Baker III." He wrote the book with his wife, "New Yorker" correspondent Susan Glasser.. During the disputed presidential election of 2000 between George W. Bush and Al Gore, Baker played a leading role for the Bush campaign combating legal challenges filed by Gores campaign. [18] Privately, Bush ignored Baker's assurances and later pushed for NATO's eastwards expansion. All of these confrontations with Israel and others that are mentioned in the book, such as the fight in Congress over the loan guarantees eventually took their toll on Bakers reputation. According to his wife, Baker was "so anxious to get out of [his job]" that he gave some consideration to the prospect of becoming Commissioner of Baseball, but he ultimately did not pursue that. His father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. Hall. Baker's time away from politics was very brief, however. As Treasury Secretary, he arranged the Plaza Accord and the Baker Plan. Nov. 29, 2021. In 2000, Baker served as chief legal adviser for George W. Bush during the 2000 presidential election campaign and oversaw the Florida recount. In the latter post he helped the United States reach agreement with the Soviet Union on the reunification of East with West Germany in 1990. The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III. In 1981, Baker was named White House Chief of Staff by President Ronald Reagan, in spite of the fact that Baker managed the presidential campaigns of Gerald Ford in 1976 and of George Bush in 1980 opposing Reagan. As a result, we missed the multiple Nobel Prize . Offering nonpartisan analysis of elections to better understand the changing dynamics of presidential campaigns. [citation needed], His son, James A. Baker III, is the political figure especially known from the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations. Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir came to visit the White House in April 1989, shortly after the new administration took office and whatever was said ended up driving an enduring wedge between the two sides. During that meeting, Shamir told Bush that settlements in the occupied West Bank shouldnt be a problem for the administrations plans to start peace talks between Israel and its neighbors. Bush. One morning in March [of 1991], Baker woke up to see a screaming headline on the cover of the New York Post: BAKERS 4-LETTER INSULT: Secretary of State Rips Jews in Meeting at White House., The sensational headline led readers to a column by Ed Koch, the former mayor of New York who had become a tabloid columnist. Baker also served on Reagan's National Security Council, and remained Treasury Secretary until 1988, during which time he also served as campaign chairman for George H. W. Bush's successful presidential bid. The war in Iraq may be a disaster for George W. Bush, but for James Baker III it has become an opportunity to seal his reputation as a statesman rather than a political fixer, which is how he's spent much of his career. After two years of active duty as a lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps, he entered The University of Texas School of Law at Austin. Delivering research and analysis on the effects of major U.S. fiscal policies. Baker served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush. To promote greater safety in pools and spas, Nancy Baker gave testimony to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and James Baker helped form an advocacy group, which led to the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool And Spa Safety Act (15 USC 8001). The authors, a married couple who previously co-authored a book about the rise of Vladimir Putin, present Baker as the face of what the Republican Party used to stand for and has lost in the era of Donald Trump. Baker served as the 67th secretary of the treasury from 1985 to 1988 under President Ronald Reagan. My wife Lori and I flew to California to attend the memorial service for Secretary George Shultz '42 at Stanford University on October 7. However, Baker changed his mind about running for Congress when his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer; she died in February 1970. [10] Winston had two sons and a daughter with her former husband. In 1982, conservative activists Howard Phillips (founder of the Conservative Caucus) and Clymer Wright of Houston joined in an unsuccessful effort to convince Reagan to dismiss Baker as chief of staff. Reagan rebuked Phillips and Wright for having waged a "campaign of sabotage" against Baker.[16]. Contact him at bipp@rice.edu or (281) 348-4683. Family (1) Trivia (10) U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985-1988 in the second Ronald Reagan administration. [40] In December 2003, President George W. Bush appointed Baker as his special envoy to ask various foreign creditor nations to forgive or restructure $100billion in international debts owed by the Iraq government which had been incurred during the tenure of Saddam Hussein. He served in that capacity until 1985. Developing pragmatic policy approaches to the regions enduring political, economic and societal concerns. He earned a law degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1957 and then joined a major Houston law firm, eventually becoming a partner in it. Also, his son William Winston, though not as yet called up, was in the Army Special Forces. Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life Hardcover - October 5, 2006 by James Baker III (Author) 87 ratings Kindle $14.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $24.42 65 Used from $1.45 8 New from $19.90 2 Collectible from $29.96 Paperback A new biography of the former diplomat, written by two of the most accomplished reporters in present-day Washington, corrects the record about the infamous quote which was attributed to Baker at the height of his confrontations with Likud Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, in 1991. [52], Baker began service on the Rice University board of trustees in 1993.[53]. Baker's first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, was active in the Republican Party, working on the congressional campaigns of George H. W. Bush. History and family tradition tell of Robert III rescuing William Blount from the British who held him captive during . Baker was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.[43]. "The whole thing is just a nightmare. Baker warned publicly, "I will recommend to the President that the United States make no further contributions, voluntary or assessed, to any international organization which makes any changes in the PLO's status as an observer organization. Former Secretary of State James Baker III gives a eulogy during the funeral for former President George H.W. When Bush decided to run for the U.S. Senate in 1969, he supported Baker's decision to run for the Congressional seat he was vacating. After leaving government service, Baker became a partner in a law firm and served as a diplomatic envoy for United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan for the Western Sahara. President George H.W. [39] When the U.S. occupation of Iraq began in 2003 he was one of the Bush administration's first choices to direct the Coalition Provisional Authority, but he was deemed too old. From 9 A.M. to 11:45 A.M. alone, the White House comment line received more than 400 calls about Baker, two-thirds of them positive, the rest negative.. They have six sons and two daughters. The son of a prosperous Houston attorney, Baker graduated from Princeton University in 1952 and then spent two years in the U.S. Marine Corps. What are James Bakers views on the future of international collaboration? Baker served as Undersecretary of Commerce under President Gerald Ford in 1975, and ran Ford's unsuccessful re-election campaign in 1976. Heather Paul, executive director of the National Safe Kids Coalition, said the accident should make people aware of the dangers posed by whirlpools and other home recreational pools. But the report about his comments had such resonance because his policies were perceived to be skeptical of Israel.. Baker also advised George W. Bush on Iraq. Browse 964 james a. baker iii stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Reach out to the Palestinians as neighbors who deserve political rights. Bakers use of the term Greater Israel and his insistence on criticizing both sides of the conflict, not just the Palestinians, was received negatively by AIPACs leadership. Providing actionable policy analysis and recommendations that aim to expand the economy through private enterprise. In August 1975, he was appointed Under Secretary of Commerce by President Gerald Ford, succeeding John K. In March 1997, Baker became the Personal Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Western Sahara. (Read James Bakers Britannica essay on isolationism.). Baker was a shrewd and highly effective political manager whose skills were a major factor in the Republicans retention of the presidency throughout the 1980s. In an essay that James Baker wrote in 2018 for the Encyclopdia Britannica Anniversary Edition: 250 Years of Excellence, he argued that international collaboration is essential for humankind to solve such problems as climate change and weapons proliferation: All of these challenges are global in nature, and, as a result, each will require global solutions. James A. Baker, III entered the world in 1930 as the son, grandson, and great-grandson of distinguished lawyers all named James A. Baker,2 who each made a good living working at the Baker Botts law firm (formed by Baker's great-grandfather) in Houston. Secretary of State James Baker warned publicly, I will recommend to the President that the United States make no further contributions, voluntary or assessed, to any international organization which makes any changes in the PLO's status as an observer organization.". He remained in the Marine Corps Reserve until 1958, and rose to the rank of captain. [23], Baker also spent considerable time negotiating one-on-one with the parties in order to organize the Madrid Conference of October 30-November 1, 1991, in an attempt to revive the IsraeliPalestinian peace process through negotiations involving Israel and the Palestinians, as well as Arab countries, including Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.[24].

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