how did abraham lincoln get the nickname honest abe11 Mar how did abraham lincoln get the nickname honest abe
[97] The case is famous for Lincoln's use of a fact established by judicial notice to challenge the credibility of an eyewitness. His neighbours later recalled how he used to trudge for miles to borrow a book. Thomas and Nancy were members of a Separate Baptists church, which forbade alcohol, dancing, and slavery. He once said that, as a boy, he had gone to school by littlesa little now and a little thenand his entire schooling amounted to no more than one years attendance. [165] The Confederacy selected Jefferson Davis as its provisional president on February 9, 1861. We believe news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations. Choose some other occupation, rather than one in the choosing of which you do, in advance, consent to be a knave. [16], In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter. Access hundreds of hours of historical video, commercial free, with HISTORY Vault. Other planned events for 1987 include Scout Conservation Day on April 25; a Quilt Show on June 20-21; a Summer Festival on July 18-19; a Storytelling Festival on Aug. 22-23; a Traditional Music and Bluegrass Festival, Sept. 19-20; a Candlelight Tour on Oct. 10; and Christmas at New Salem, Dec. 5-6. [173] The president-elect evaded suspected assassins in Baltimore. [71] Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. Due to secessionist plots, a then-unprecedented attention to security was given to him and his train. He is the strong man of his party-full of wit, facts, dates-and the best stump speaker, with his droll ways and dry jokes, in the West. [290], In response to rumors of a renewed draft, the editors of the New York World and the Journal of Commerce published a false draft proclamation that created an opportunity for the editors and others to corner the gold market. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He believed, as most Republicans did in April 1865, that the voting requirements should be determined by the states. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [373] Defenders of Lincoln, such as authors Dirck and Cashin, retorted that he was not as bad as most politicians of his day[374] and that he was a "moral visionary" who deftly advanced the abolitionist cause, as fast as politically possible. Appearing in Seward's home state, sponsored by a group largely loyal to Chase, Lincoln shrewdly made no reference to either of these Republican rivals for the nomination". For example, Mentor Graham ran the ``blab school,'' a one-room schoolhouse where children repeated their lessons aloud over and over again. Abraham Lincoln's strong spiritual sense became one of his defining characteristics, and his obvious lack of false piety led to his tremendous appeal to his constituency. Interestingly President Abraham Lincoln fully understood this way back in 1861 when he raised tariffs on imported steel. Mille Lacs Band offer to fight Sioux, Goodhue Republican Vol. In Tennessee and Arkansas, Lincoln respectively appointed Johnson and Frederick Steele as military governors. Lincolns grappling exploits earned him an Outstanding American honor in the National Wrestling Hall of Fame. [229] The Emancipation Proclamation having stated that freedmen would be "received into the armed service of the United States," enlisting these freedmen became official policy. [336] On the day Lincoln was assassinated, he reportedly told his wife he desired to visit the Holy Land. His earliest memories were of this home and, in particular, of a flash flood that once washed away the corn and pumpkin seeds he had helped his father plant. [64] Then followed his four terms in the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. Furthermore, it was a national duty to ensure the republic stands in every state. No ballots were cast for him in 10 of the 15 Southern slave states, and he won only two of 996 counties in all the Southern states, an omen of the impending Civil War. Lincoln was taller (at six feet four inches) than any other president. Honest Abe was a nickname that Abraham Lincoln embraced with pride. Just months after the war formally ended in 1848, he was elected president, but he served just 16 months before dying of gastroenteritis. It was not until 1901, after the killing of two other presidents, that the Secret Service was formally assigned to protect the commander-in-chief. [351] According to historian Sean Wilentz:[351]. Some of Lincoln's own surveying work helped historians find original foundations for the village structures. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. [131] In May 1859, Lincoln purchased the Illinois Staats-Anzeiger, a German-language newspaper that was consistently supportive; most of the state's 130,000 German Americans voted for Democrats, but the German-language paper mobilized Republican support. Lesson Plans [110], In 1854, Lincoln was elected to the Illinois legislature but declined to take his seat. When Lincoln unsuccessfully ran against Stephen Douglas in an 1858 Senate race, Douglas confided in a friend that Lincolns reputation for truthfulness and honesty made him an attractive candidate. [164] President Buchanan and President-elect Lincoln refused to recognize the Confederacy, declaring secession illegal. [318] Historians emphasized the widespread shock and sorrow, but noted that some Lincoln haters celebrated his death. Connect-Points Web Content & Design is a web development and hosting company that specializes in web design and copy writing for maximum usability and accessiblity. Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, at that time wrote up an unflattering account of Lincoln's compromising position on slavery and his reluctance to challenge the court's Dred-Scott ruling, which was promptly used against him by his political rivals. His appearance in the popular 1940 film Knute Rockne: All American as Notre Dame football player George Gipp earned him another nickname for his deathbed plea that his team win one for the Gipper.. [60] Lincoln finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New Salem precinct. Less than a week after people celebrated the end the Civil War, the country was mourning yet again. Christopher Klein is the author of four books, including When the Irish Invaded Canada: The Incredible True Story of the Civil War Veterans Who Fought for Irelands Freedom and Strong Boy: The Life and Times of John L. Sullivan. "[68] He echoed Henry Clay's support for the American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition in conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia. His relevance endures and grows especially because of his eloquence as a spokesman for democracy. Meet our Contributing Editors or call us at 1-617-450-2300. After his nomination he delivered his House Divided Speech, with the biblical reference Mark 3:25, "A house divided against itself cannot stand. Civil War victory came on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. [75] He was assigned to the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads and the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. But this political powerhouse Founding Father was also the shortest president in American history, likely standing just 5 feet 4 inches tall. The legitimacy of military commissions trying opposing combatants had been established during the Mexican War. [295], Lincoln's philosophy on court nominations was that "we cannot ask a man what he will do, and if we should, and he should answer us, we should despise him for it. It was there that he met with Cabinet members and signed documents, including the Emancipation Proclamation. Hundreds of settlers were killed, 30,000 were displaced from their homes, and Washington was deeply alarmed. David W. Blight As States sent Union regiments south, on April 19, Baltimore mobs in control of the rail links attacked Union troops who were changing trains. [337], Lincoln is believed to have had depression, smallpox, and malaria. Responding to criticism of Grant after Shiloh, Lincoln had said, "I can't spare this man. (In another eerie coincidence, on the day of Edwin Booths funeralJune 9, 1893Fords Theatre collapsed, killing 22 people.). 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He said "A majority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Lincoln warned that Douglas' "Slave Power" was threatening the values of republicanism, and accused Douglas of distorting the Founding Fathers' premise that all men are created equal. The term "the United States" has historically been used sometimes in the plural ("these United States") and other times in the singular. "[367] However, Schwartz also finds that since World War II Lincoln's symbolic power has lost relevance, and this "fading hero is symptomatic of fading confidence in national greatness." Older sources use six. Already having taught himself grammar and mathematics, he began to study law books. 6,469 in 1849. [395] A portrait carving of Lincoln appears with those of three other presidents on Mount Rushmore, which receives about 3million visitors a year. [230] By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley. [340] It is unknown to what extent this may have resulted in mercury poisoning. At an annual reporters dinner that year, Roosevelt was presented with an 8-foot tall papier- mch sphinx in his likeness. The Los Angeles Daily News (whose publisher was Douglas primary opponent) cried foul, running a series of pieces decrying Tricky Dick underhanded campaign, to no avail. In truth, Republican leadership had all but decided to abandon Reconstruction before the election, with Hayes removing the few remaining federal troops months later. He was the only Whig in the Illinois delegation, but as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed the party line. He also practiced law in Illinois during the 1830s and '40s, and in that time he became one of the state's most renowned lawyers. Lincoln personally test-fired rifles outside the White House. After remaining in a coma for eight hours, Lincoln died at 7:22 in the morning on April 15. He kept his word and, on January 1, 1863, issued the Emancipation Proclamation,[224] freeing the slaves in 10 states not then under Union control,[225] with exemptions specified for areas under such control. [19], On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died from milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of a household including her father, 9-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks. [90] Lincoln handled transportation cases in the midst of the nation's western expansion, particularly river barge conflicts under the many new railroad bridges. Lincoln is enshrined in the Wrestling Hall of Fame. He wasnt caught until two weeks later. [322] He was private about his position on organized religion and respected the beliefs of others. | The prior proclamation had been during James Madison's presidency 50 years earlier. [280][additional citation(s) needed] Sibley ordered a military commission to review that actions of the captured to try those that had committed war crimes. The year's elections showed the strong opposition to the KansasNebraska Act, and in the aftermath, Lincoln sought election to the United States Senate. North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas followed over the following two months. 19802023 The Christian Science Monitor. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated to him on May 30, 1922. Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863. [271], On August 17, 1862, the Sioux or Dakota uprising broke out in Minnesota. "[139], Historian David Herbert Donald described the speech as "a superb political move for an unannounced presidential aspirant. Americas 16th president came from famously humble origins, born in a one-room log cabin in Kentucky. Author of. He could draw crowds as a raconteur, but lacked the requisite formal education, powerful friends, and money, and lost the election. [321] He was deeply familiar with the Bible, quoting and praising it. What I now ask of you is military success, and I will risk the dictatorship.". 1933-2022. [66] He voted to expand suffrage beyond white landowners to all white males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition. Republican President Ulysses S. Grant remained popular, but his administration was mired in scandal and an economic recession had taken hold. He elevated Henry Halleck in July and appointed John Pope as head of the new Army of Virginia. To fill Chief Justice Taney's seat on the Supreme Court, he named the Radicals' choice, Salmon P. Chase, who Lincoln believed would uphold his emancipation and paper money policies. [40], Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to New Salem. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, was an abuser. [106] At that time, senators were elected by the state legislature. 1864 photo of President Lincoln with youngest son, U.S. House of Representatives (18471849), LincolnDouglas debates and Cooper Union speech. The Lincoln cent, an American coin portraying Lincoln, This article is about the president of the United States. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. He worked a series of odd jobs and used his lanky frame to his advantage as a wrestler to chalk up a reported 299-1 record, earning him one of his first nicknames, "Grand Wrestler," and a spot in the National Wrestling Hall of Fame. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. And having begun, He could give the final victory to either side any day. Lincoln came under enemy fire on a Civil War battlefield. In afteryears he recalled the panthers scream, the bears that preyed on the swine, and the poverty of Indiana frontier life, which was pretty pinching at times. The unhappiest period of his boyhood followed the death of his mother in the autumn of 1818. "Honest Get Access Biography of Abraham Lincoln The high point came in 1922 with the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.[364], Union nationalism, as envisioned by Lincoln, "helped lead America to the nationalism of Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Every night Abe and his family slept on a hard dirt floor. 717.245.1865, Board of Advisors But he soon came into conflict with fellow Whigs, and his growing list of political enemies quickly dubbed him His Accidency. A man without a party, he briefly ran for election in 1844 before withdrawing his candidacy for lack of support. [citation needed] One of the Chippewa signing the letter, Chief Naw-Gaw-Nub, had received a Presidential medal from Lincoln earlier in the year.[279]. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States at the time he was shot. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, and averted British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair. Lincoln, 22 years old, was piloting a large flatboat full of corn and live hogs down the Sangamon River, on his way to the Mississippi and New Orleans, when the boat got stuck on a dam outside. Sherman's capture of Atlanta in September and David Farragut's capture of Mobile ended defeatism. I have heard, in such a way as to believe it, of your recently saying that both the army and the government needed a dictator. February 10, 1987 Secretary of War Stanton had issued orders that Booth be taken alive, so Corbett was initially arrested to be court martialed. ", Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Violent political confrontations in Kansas, Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln, Commanding General of the United States Army, First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Presidency of Abraham Lincoln Foreign policy, the government should be divorced from economic enterprise, surveys of U.S. scholars ranking presidents, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, "Exploring Abraham Lincoln's 'Melancholy', "Abraham Lincoln was the only President who was also a licensed bartender", "Abraham Lincoln and Internal Improvements", "US Congressman Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Historical Society", "LINCOLN, Abraham | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "Abraham Lincoln's Patent Model: Improvement for Buoying Vessels Over Shoals", "THE LAW; Lincoln as Lawyer: Transcript Tells Murder Story", "Herewith is a little sketch, as you requested", "Broadside, "President Lincoln's Farewell Address to His Old Neighbors, Springfield, February 12, 1861" The Henry Ford", "Lincoln's Farewell Address Illinois History & Lincoln Collections". [348], As a Whig activist, Lincoln was a spokesman for business interests, favoring high tariffs, banks, infrastructure improvements, and railroads, in opposition to Jacksonian democrats. [252], The Democratic platform followed the "Peace wing" of the party and called the war a "failure"; but their candidate, McClellan, supported the war and repudiated the platform. I had looked the party over and concluded that these were the very strongest men. The appointments were both politically neutral and adroit on Lincoln's part. The law opened land for a lease of three years with the ability to purchase title for the freedmen. How did Abraham Lincoln cause the Civil War? . [195] Stanton was a staunch Unionist, pro-business, conservative Democrat who gravitated toward the Radical Republican faction. (This was his second visit to that city, his first having been made in 1828, while he still lived in Indiana.) Despite the controversies surrounding his election, Hayes proved a competent, though cautious president, and easily won re-election in 1880. Lincoln refused to negotiate with the Confederacy as a coequal; his objective to end the fighting was not realized. Lincoln's work as an everyman's store clerk and trustworthy business owner helped lead to his nickname as "Honest Abe". He declared that such an amendment would "clinch the whole matter" and by December 1863 an amendment was brought to Congress. [120], In 1858, Douglas was up for re-election in the U.S. Senate, and Lincoln hoped to defeat him. Discharged from command-rank of Captain and re-enlisted at rank of Private. Afterward he joked that he had seen no live, fighting Indians during the war but had had a good many bloody struggles with the mosquitoes. Meanwhile, aspiring to be a legislator, he was defeated in his first try and then repeatedly reelected to the state assembly. Ohio-born Rutherford B. Hayes was an attorney, Civil War veteran, Congressman and former governor of Ohio when he became the Republican presidential nominee in 1876. [65] He championed construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner. On March 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address. [151] A group of former Whigs and Know Nothings formed the Constitutional Union Party and nominated John Bell of Tennessee. Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. [126] When informed of Lincoln's nomination, Douglas stated, "[Lincoln] is the strong man of the party and if I beat him, my victory will be hardly won. Illinois may be known as the Land of Lincoln, but it was in Indiana that the 16th president spent his formative years. [9] They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant. In 1860 he was nominated at the Republican National Convention to be the partys presidential candidate, and he embarked on a presidential campaign that he would win. Armstrong was acquitted. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often too drunk to work, and Lincoln ended up running the store by himself. The future president was first called "Honest Abe" when he was working as a young store clerk in New Salem, Ill. "The best way to predict the future is to create it." -Abraham Lincoln. [401][402], Lincoln's image carved into the stone of Mount Rushmore. James Oakes [n][334] Lincoln explains therein that the cause, purpose, and result of the war was God's will. According to Robert Rutledge of New Salem, "Lincoln's judgment was final in all that region of country. [94] From 1853 to 1860, one of his largest clients was the Illinois Central Railroad. Lincoln was an obviously imposing man at 6 ft. Even if the Secret Service had been established earlier, it wouldnt have saved Lincoln: The original mission of the law enforcement agency was to combat widespread currency counterfeiting. [149], As the Slave Power tightened its grip on the national government, most Republicans agreed with Lincoln that the North was the aggrieved party. [350] Nevertheless, Lincoln admired Andrew Jackson's steeliness as well as his patriotism. Beyond fear, beyond anger. Lincoln not only pulled off his strategy of gaining the nomination in 1846 but also won the election. Abraham Lincoln was a member of the Whig Party and later a Republican. [6][c] Thomas then worked at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the family settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s. PDF Honest Abe Contextual Essay ", Order Leidner's Abraham Lincoln: Quotes, Quips, and Speeches Now, Order Burlingame's The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln Now, Home 6 No. This was a principle to which he remained true all of his life. Some one gave him the wrong amount of change, so. Known to his family and friends as Jemmy, his small stature and weak physical appearance led some detractors to disparage him as Little Jemmy or His Little Majesty. One contemporary quipped that he was no bigger than half a piece of soap. Author Washington Irving was no kinder, noting at Madisons 1809 inauguration that he resembled a withered little apple. By comparison, his fellow Virginian Thomas Jefferson, who at 6 feet 2 inches towered over most of his countrymen, was dubbed Long Tom.. [97], Leading up to his presidential campaign, Lincoln elevated his profile in an 1859 murder case, with his defense of Simeon Quinn "Peachy" Harrison who was a third cousin;[g] Harrison was also the grandson of Lincoln's political opponent, Rev. Southern leaders didnt agree with this plan and decided to secede, or withdraw, from the nation. [121] Some eastern Republicans supported Douglas for his opposition to the Lecompton Constitution and admission of Kansas as a slave state. Of course, when I came of age I did not know much. ", Lincoln cited his plans for banning the expansion of slavery as the key source of conflict between North and South, stating "One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. Seven years later, Johnson made a second Senate run, only to be embroiled in another voting scandal during a Democratic primary runoff against popular Texas Governor Coke Stevenson. Lincoln canceled the illegal proclamation as politically motivated and lacking military necessity. ", "Rating the Presidents of the United States, 17892000", "Americans Say Reagan Is the Greatest U.S. President", "A Civil War Mystery: Who Named Lincoln the 'Great Emancipator'? [226] Lincoln's comment on signing the Proclamation was: "I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper. On April 15, Lincoln called on the states to send a total of 75,000 volunteer troops to recapture forts, protect Washington, and "preserve the Union", which, in his view, remained intact despite the seceding states. If you have questions about your account, please Grateful citizens built tributes to Hoover, including a Belgian statue depicting him as the Isis, the Egyptian god of life. [381], In the 21st century, President Barack Obama named Lincoln his favorite president and insisted on using the Lincoln Bible for his inaugural ceremonies. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union [] I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men everywhere could be free. Abraham Lincoln, byname Honest Abe, the Rail-Splitter, or the Great Emancipator, (born February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.died April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C.), 16th president of the United States (186165), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of enslaved people in the United States. [216], The Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865 was understood to reserve the issue to the individual states. There are no tickets, no schedules, no hard-sell tourism - nothing to interfere with the oaks and sycamores and the sounds of roosters and other livestock that help one imagine life here in an earlier time. [150] When Douglas was selected as the candidate of the Northern Democrats, delegates from eleven slave states walked out of the Democratic convention; they opposed Douglas's position on popular sovereignty, and selected incumbent Vice President John C. Breckinridge as their candidate. [174] Lincoln directed his inaugural address to the South, proclaiming once again that he had no inclination to abolish slavery in the Southern states: Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States, that by the accession of a Republican Administration, their property, and their peace, and personal security, are to be endangered. One Illinois newspaper derisively nicknamed him "spotty Lincoln". When the war was nearly over, Lincoln was re-elected in 1864. [23] Lincoln disliked the hard labor associated with farm life. Republican-led effort to secure the rights of African Americans in the former Confederacy, known as Reconstruction, was more than a decade old, and much of the country, both North and South, was growing weary of federal occupation of several Southern states. Lincoln responded, "I could not afford to hang men for votes. How Did Abraham Lincoln Deserve The Name Of The Great Emancipator. Meade's failure to capture Lee's army after Gettysburg and the continued passivity of the Army of the Potomac persuaded Lincoln to promote Grant to supreme commander. McClellan, in turn, blamed the failure of the campaign on Lincoln's reservation of troops for the capital. In the late 1970s, The New York Times noted that Reagan was a great communicator, and the apt phrase stuck, as Reagan mastered mass media as a new political tool. Lincoln at this time reviewed a draft of the Emancipation Proclamation with his cabinet. [259] Lincoln led the moderates in Reconstruction policy and was opposed by the Radicals, under Rep. Thaddeus Stevens, Sen. Charles Sumner and Sen. Benjamin Wade, who otherwise remained Lincoln's allies. All rights reserved. According to Carl Sandburgs biography of Lincoln, Honest Abe once challenged an entire crowd of onlookers after dispatching an opponent: Im the big buck of this lick. [346], His position on war was founded on a legal argument regarding the Constitution as essentially a contract among the states, and all parties must agree to pull out of the contract. During the summer season, however, New Salem buildings are staffed with volunteers in period costume who make the village come alive as they demonstrate the crafts common to a settlement in the 19th-century - spinning yarn, dipping candles, and blacksmithing. [85] Taylor won and Lincoln hoped in vain to be appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office. [313], The late President lay in state, first in the East Room of the White House, and then in the Capitol Rotunda from April 19 through April 21. [152] People of the Northern states knew the Southern states would vote against Lincoln and rallied supporters for Lincoln. Together with Congress, he established the Department of Agriculture; supported the development of a transcontinental railroad; enacted the Homestead Act, which opened up land to settlers; and crafted the 13th Amendment, which ended the enslavement of people. [370][371] Bennett won wide attention when he called Lincoln a white supremacist in 1968. [214], Hooker was routed by Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May, then resigned and was replaced by George Meade. [206] But Pope was then soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac back to defend Washington. Trumbull was an antislavery Democrat, and had received few votes in the earlier ballots; his supporters, also antislavery Democrats, had vowed not to support any Whig. His opponents immediately cried foul, accusing Hayes and the Republicans of making a back-room deal (known as the Compromise of 1877) that gave Hayes the White House in exchange for his pledge to end Reconstruction and dubbing him His Fraudulency and Rutherfraud Hayes.
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