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Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, New York City, New York - 7.6 million fatalities and 4.2 million injuries, Los Angeles, California - 3.9 million fatalities and 3.7 million injuries, Chicago, Illinois - 2.7 million fatalities and 2 million injuries, Houston, Texas - 1.7 million fatalities and 1.7 million injuries, Phoenix, Arizona - 1.3 million fatalities and 1.2 million injuries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 2.3 million fatalities and 1.5 million injuries. In the Sunday evening broadcast, Dmitry Kiselyov, presenter of Russias main weekly TV news show Vesti Nedeli, showed a map of the United States and identified several targets he said Moscow would want to hit in the event of a nuclear war. But it could be applied to any use. Trumps Nuclear Posture Review mentions Russia by name as the adversary driving the U.S. to add the new warhead. "We know that from quite a lot of work which was actually done again back in the crazy days of the Cold War about doing this very thing, and creating tsunamis with nuclear weapons," Hambling said. Be sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page and look to the right side and click the Dont log usage data before choosing and nuking your target. Let me reassure the public: I do not think we are on the brink of a nuclear conflict, Smith said. In the book, I have maps of all the nuclear target areas for guidance, but also indicate the one or two prevailing wind directions in your area necessary to mapping out an avoidance strategy. The U.S. nuclear target map is an interesting and unique program unlike other nuclear target maps because it lets you pick the target and what size nuclear device that the area you chose is hit with and then shows the likely effects and range of damage and death that would be caused by that nuclear device if it hit and detonated on your chosen target area. The NukeMap looks to be fairly accurate as to the blast area, fallout and damage but of course all any U.S. Nuclear Target Map can do is represent an educated guess as to effects of a nuclear blast from and to a given area. It also called for a new nuclear warhead for sea-launched cruise missiles on Navy ships. By JAMEY KEATEN. Both figures constitute marvels of efficiency from the production network of private contractors. Red=least safe. The worst-case scenario, according to NUKEMAP, would be the surface-level detonation of a weapon like Tsar Bomba, a Soviet weapon and reportedly the largest nuke ever developed. All Rights Reserved. As Russias attack met unexpectedly stiff resistance, U.S. intelligence officials noted that Russian military strategy favors escalating conflicts as a means of controlling them, particularly when conventional forces are overwhelmed. 09/27/2022 01:18 PM EDT. "It's exceedingly unlikely that such an attack would be fully successful," Schwartz told Insider. Trump, of course, responded by refuting the intelligence community. Remember too, that a total loss of electricity, including all TV and Radio may be your best immediate warning that a physical nuclear strike is about to fall within 15 or 20 minutes. At his New Year's address, he said the country would work towards denuclearization and promised not to continue weapons testing. Alex Wellerstein, a historian of nuclear weapons, who is an associate professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology, in Hoboken, New Jersey, created a nuclear bomb simulator to show just. In 2019, theU.S. count of nuclear warheads saw its first year-over-year growth since 1996, according to theU.S. State Department. In cases of massive social unrest, you want to have the option of avoiding confrontation by hiding out in a concealed safe room with a steel security door, communications, and alternate battery-powered electricity. According to Dr. Irwin Redlener, a professor at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, six cities have the highest risk of attack: New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles . FILE - Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov attends a meeting in Moscow, Russia, Tuesday, March 15, 2022. Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters. Instead of taking Russia's word for it when it comes to nuclear targets, Insider got an expert opinion on where Moscow would likely try to strike. A top US arms control official has sharply criticized Russia for suspending participation in the last remaining nuclear weapons treaty, but said Washington will try to work with Moscow to. For more about the nuclear past and present, follow @wellerstein on Twitter, and read Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog. It was rushed into production by the Trump administration and greenlighted byCongressin anticipation of a moment precisely like this one a Russian invasion of a friendly nation, where PresidentVladimir Putinsescalate to de-escalate doctrine could inch the worlds nuclear superpowers closer and closer to an exchange. Trump, at the time, claimed great success and Un almost, for a second, seemed to be on board. In the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, birds and mammals were found to have developed cataracts in their eyes and smaller brains. 7 One TASS report said that the HGV's nuclear warhead is "more than 2 megatons in TNT equivalent." 8 As a boost-glide weapon, the Avangard is carried to its apogee by a ballistic missile. This site participates in the Amazon Affiliates program, the proceeds of which keep it free for anyone to read. Maintaining the ability to bomb the shit out of us is probably more of a bargaining chip than anything else (I hope). Putin also said that Russia should stand ready to resume nuclear weapons tests if the U.S. does so, a move that would end a global ban on such tests in place since the Cold War era. Now, I don't think we're actually at any threat of being nuked by North Korea any time soon. Putin wasted no time escalating nuclear rhetoric after his military began its invasion of Ukraine just over two weeks ago, moving his arsenal to high alert on the fourth day. Do you have a question about nuclear tsunamis? With the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in tatters, perhaps it is not surprising that Russia is pushing back against the possibility of US missile deployments in Europe. The US has strategically positioned the bulk of its nuclear forces, which double as nuclear targets, far from population centers. But in the waters off the Kitsap Peninsula, an important shift between nuclear-armed nations was taking shape. By Scott Wong. Creekmore Putin has said Russia does not want a new arms race, but has also dialled up his military rhetoric. This carrier is currently the . In the simulator description, Wellerstein said the aim of the educational tool was to help people visualize the impact of nuclear weapons in simple terms in order to help them gain an understanding of the scale of these blasts. But even the least-powerful nuclear bomb with a yield of about. But, further to the West in Idaho, the radioactive dust from Seattle would be a fraction of that, requiring much less shielding. Below are some rough estimates for an airburst detonation of the Tsar Bomba at 13,000 feet above the following cities, according to the simulator: Wellerstein stresses that the NUKEMAP model can only provide estimates and is only is good as the data it relies onwhich is to say, not perfect. Among them: Putin using a nuclear weapon in the conflict zone, or theU.S.being drawn into active combat. The notoriety of bringing in a huge tank shelter on a semi-truck and burying it in your backyard with a crane guarantees that the whole neighborhood is going to know about it. March 02, 2023 at 4:43 am PST. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Strikes on the remaining Army and Air Force bases typically would use air-bursts which have enhanced blast effects, but no militarily significant fallout (the bomb itself and any unlucky birds flying by provide the fallout materials.. Since the Cold War, the US and Russia have drawn up plans on how to best wage nuclear war against each other, and while large population centers with huge cultural impact may seem like obvious choices, strategists believe a nuclear attack will focus on countering the enemy's nuclear forces destroying them before they can counter-attack. It would take many steps of escalation forUkraineto turn into a nuclear exchange involvingRussiaand theU.S., according toHans Kristensen, who closely tracks nuclear forces worldwide at the nonprofitFederation of American ScientistsinWashington, D.C. "There is no nuclear weapon technology that doesn't pose a risk to human and ecological health," Danielle Endres, an environmental communication professor at the University of Utah, told Newsweek. With Trumps proposed sea-launched cruise missile still up for debate inCongress, it remains to be seen whetherBangormight soon host another new nuclear weapon that upends existing nuclear strategy around the world. But we know from our own government's testing of nuclear weapons underground that there can be major consequences for marine and human life. It's unclear how many of these would be shot down in the event of a mutual destruction scenario. But if you happen to live next to an ICBM silo, fear not. Thats crazy, even for Putin.. Some factors that could make a difference in the real world when it comes to estimating casualty numbers and the size of a given blast, for example, may not be taken into account in the simulation. As you said, its easier to move outside the blast radius than to build a blast shelter. The warhead was created to counterRussia, which relies heavily on tactical, or low-yield, nuclear weapons. It's possible that they might have the hubris to build something like that, but it certainly is grotesquely gigantic," he said. There is no clear answer as to whether the US could withstand a nuclear attack from Russia. In 2019, the U.S. count of nuclear warheads saw its first year-over-year growth since 1996, according to the U.S. State Department. If even a handful of weapons escape, the stuff you missed will be coming back at you.". The Tsar Bomba, which was developed by the USSR in the mid-1950s and early 1960s, was the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested, with a blast yield equivalent to roughly 50 megatons of TNT. The U.S. at the time had barely waded into its most ambitious update to the nuclear arsenal since the Cold War, a planned 30-year, $2 trillion refresh. But it probably wouldn't damage much beyond that, and it certainly wouldn't do as much damage as a large nuclear airburst. The warhead provides theU.S.a quick-response option ifRussiauses a nuclear weapon first, and reassures allies protected by theU.S.nuclear umbrella that theyre well-protected by theU.S.arsenal. The closest target is clearly a former B-52 base that was demilitarized. Russia is the world's biggest nuclear power, with 5,977 warheads to the US' 5,428, according to the Federation of American Scientists. Putin-cronies have claimed the Russian military could have as many as 50 Sarmat missiles in their arsenal, and have even bizarrely threatened to use them to drown the UK in a radioactive tsunami.. Each of the Sarmat missile's 15 nuclear warheads are over 100 times . He's not. In December, Putin also suggested that Russia may abandon its "no first use" military doctrine, which says Russia would only use nuclear weapons as a last resort. What are your plans if and when a nuclear world war three begins? See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. But a strike on a relatively sparsely populated area could still lead to death and destruction across the US, depending on how the wind blew. Then stack 3 levels solid 4 concrete blocks on top of that makeshift ceiling. What is the likelihood he would use nuclear weapons, and on who and what? Even if the rival nations refrain from trading nuclear strikes, Smith knows well that every twitch from a nuclear superpower creates a cascade of ripples to other nuclear-armed states, and could kick-start a new arms race. AsRussiasattack met unexpectedly stiff resistance,U.S.intelligence officials noted that Russian military strategy favors escalating conflicts as a means of controlling them, particularly when conventional forces are overwhelmed. Dont believe the hype about Iran or North Korea doing an EMP strike. But theres concern from critics of the W76-2, including Smith, that its utility in responding to a limited nuclear strike would quickly escalate into full-blown nuclear war, killing up to 100 million people across the globe almost immediately, according to some estimates, and setting the stage for widespread famine and displacement that could kill countless more. "While a 'Nuclear Ocean Swell' sounds plenty horrifying, it would be distinct from an on-land detonation in that there would be no fire storms to loft soot into the stratosphere and thus no climate impact," Tyler Rohr, a chemical oceanographer and biogeochemical modeller at the University of Tasmania in Australia, told Newsweek. (Kenneth G. Takada/U.S. On Tuesday, Adm.Chas Richard, head ofU.S.Strategic Command, which oversees the military side of theU.S.nuclear weapons program, testified before theSenate Armed Services Committeeabout Russian and Chinese nuclear forces. "I mean, with the current Russian regime, who knows? It appears to me that the targets in many cases are a hundred miles or more from the dot in many cases. Spectators were treated to an underground tour ofPort Angeles, patrons swarmed community art shows and seats at casinos were full. The Poseidon torpedoes are due to be delivered to the special-purpose nuclear-powered submarine Belgorod, reported Russian state news agency TASS on Monday. Grossi's last visit to Iran was . The average cost is $50k-$75k, and you can build a lot of basement for that price. Russia may also rely on threats of limited nuclear first use, or actual first use, to coerce us, our allies, and partners into terminating a conflict on terms favorable to Russia, according to the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Trumps most ambitious nuclear decision was creation of the W76-2 warhead, carried primarily on subs based atBangor, which cover thePacific Ocean, andKings Bay, Georgia, whoseAtlanticfleet covers the current conflict zone inUkraine. For example, the Baker test in 1946 involved exploding a nuclear bomb beneath the water surface in a lagoon that created a huge crater in the reef that destroyed ecological life and resulted in a tsunami that either sunk or contaminated the test ships in the vicinity. 'Yes, He Would': Fiona Hill on Putin and Nukes Putin is trying to take down the entire world order, the veteran Russia watcher said in an interview. That amounts to 22 inches of concrete or 3 feet of dirt. The W76-2 packs a yield about one-third to one-half that of the bombs dropped onHiroshimaandNagasaki, and is not designed to be a city-destroyer, like some of its counterparts also in missiles silos, on planes and on theBangor-based subs. Grossi's last visit to Iran was . A book by Seattle author Steve Olsen called Appocolyps Factory talks about the history of nuclear weapons in Washington State and the targets created by that history. Russia's total nuclear stockpile is larger than the United States', at around 6,250 total nuclear warheads, according to the Arms Control Association. Russia has made its first batch of nuclear-capable torpedoes that are said to be so powerful they could cause radioactive ocean swells and huge nuclear tsunamis that could destroy coastal cities in the U.S. or its allies. An all-out nuclear war would likely involve more. The W76-2 was sold to Congress and the public on precisely these kinds of scenarios, Kristensen said. U.S. and allied intelligence agencies are stepping up efforts to detect any Russian military moves or communications that might signal that Vladimir Putin has ordered the . Because of the much higher costs of protection close into target areas, in my book Strategic Relocation, I recommend that your money is better spent relocating, even within the same general area, to avoid being directly downwind or close to a nuclear target. Between 1991 and 2002, there were fourteen confirmed cases of theft of weapons-useable nuclear material from Russia's nuclear stockpile. Im the author of, Nuclear War Survival Skills: Lifesaving Nuclear Facts and Self-Help Instructions, No Such Thing As Doomsday: How to Prepare for Earth Changes, Power Outages, Wars & Other Threats, U.S. Nuclear Target Map (Do You Live In a Death Zone? Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion. The UN secretary-general said that nuclear war is "back within the realm of possibility" following Russia's warning earlier this year it was putting its nuclear forces on alert amid its war in Ukraine, which threatens to draw NATO into direct combat with Russia. Are you living in a nuclear target area? Station Space Coming to King Street Station, Why the Left Will Continue to Lose on Homelessness, Lieutenant Uhura and the Death of American Progress. Sign up for notifications from Insider! It was rushed into production by the Trump administration and greenlighted by Congress in anticipation of a moment precisely like this one a Russian invasion of a friendly nation, where President Vladimir Putins escalate to de-escalate doctrine could inch the worlds nuclear superpowers closer and closer to an exchange. This Survival Blog article discusses the relative protection factors for various materials. Nuclear War Survival Skills: Lifesaving Nuclear Facts and Self-Help Instructions Much of the focus as of late has been on the risk of Russian President Vladimir Putin using a nuclear weapon in Ukraine in a desperate move to change his army's forturnes on the battlefield, but the Russian leader has also directed warnings at the US and NATO. RUSSIA has released chilling new footage of its 7,000mph Zircon hypersonic nuke missile that could hit London in five minutes. These and the two Navy Weapons Stations in WA and GA, along with the COOP/COG bunkers in the Federal Arc west of DC will receive surface bursts, which cause massive fallout. That way the vents are protected from view and tampering. However, radiation can and will spread around the globe if it enters the jet stream. Despite objections inCongress, primarily fromDemocrats, and arms control experts, the warhead was rushed into production in just 14 months and for a total of $94.6 million, according to theCongressional Research Service. UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres said this year that nuclear war is "back within the realm of possibility." Russian President Vladimir Putin also suggested in December that Russia may. Other options: Auto-zoom Don't log usage data. Blue =most safe. But what do the other colors mean? It would take many steps of escalation for Ukraine to turn into a nuclear exchange involving Russia and the U.S., according to Hans Kristensen, who closely tracks nuclear forces worldwide at the nonprofit Federation of American Scientists in Washington, D.C. The blast of the bomb would also have major effects on ecosystems: seabed invertebrates have been found to be significantly disturbed by natural tsunamis, while on land, tsunamis uproot trees, destroy bird nesting sites, cause land animals to drown, and wash pollution back into the sea that may poison a range of marine life. A screenshot of the NUKEMAP tool created by Alex Wellerstein showing the impacts of a hypothetical nuclear detonation of the "Tsar Bomba" weapon on New York City and the surrounding areas. The Belgorod, the submarine that the new batch of Poseidon torpedoes is reported to be destined for, may be only the first in a fleet of four submarines that could carry the weapons. It takes about two weeks for gamma rays to dissipate so you will need to buy a radiation meter to tell when it is safe to come out or to go back into a shelter (since in a war, there may be multiple nuclear events). "In terms of the impacts of nuclear weapons in the ocean, the U.S. actually did a series of nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll, some of which were underwater tests. It hasn't been updated with the specs for the bomb North Korea tested in 2017 (or whatever they're working on right now), but if the nuke they tested in 2013 was denoted in Seattle, for. I have made no plans to survive a nuclear strike because I will not survive longer than a few milliseconds beyond the formation of the initial fireball.Frankly, I consider that a blessing. There is no such thing as a tactical nuclear weapon, Smith said, referring to the alternate name for low-yield warheads. If you dont have a basement, youll have to do four block walls inside an above ground room to get the sidewall protection. We have engineered plans to do just that here. NUKEMAP by Alex Wellerstein https://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/ / Map data OpenStreetMap contributors, CC-BY-SA, Imagery Mapbox. Do you have a tip on a science story that Newsweek should be covering? Putin is not suicidal.. Trumps most ambitious nuclear decision was creation of the W76-2 warhead, carried primarily on subs based at Bangor, which cover the Pacific Ocean, and Kings Bay, Georgia, whose Atlantic fleet covers the current conflict zone in Ukraine. 1. "We're just thinking about it.". The creator said enabling people to visualize the effects in arbitrarily picked geographical locations could help them understand what a nuclear weapon would do to places they are familiar with. Seattle, Washington- Seattle is also one of the nuclear targets in the U.S. because it hosts several navy bases. 2) Immediate panic and cut off of electricity and supplies. But there are ways even ordinary Americans. TheU.S.opted not to followRussiaslead and did not elevate the alert status of its nuclear weapons. As a comparison, "Little Boy"the nuclear bomb that the United States dropped on Hiroshima during WWIIhad a blast yield of around 15 kilotons of TNT, which is around 3,300 times less powerful. For a bomb that size, people up to 21 km (13 miles) away would experience flash blindness on a clear day, and people up to 85 km (52.8 miles) away would be . You need less shielding the farther you are away from an explosion since radioactive dust starts to fall out from the sky closest to the detonation and only the finer high altitude particles travel longer distances, depending on the wind direction. The tsunami threats may not even come to fruition if Poseidon were used, as the enormous amounts of energy actually required to trigger a tsunami may not be achieved by the nuclear torpedoes. WASHINGTON Senators reacted with alarm to a new report that suggested Russian President Vladimir Putin could deploy a small, targeted nuclear bomb as his troops get bogged down . Proponents of the W76-2 point to the Cold War as evidence that theU.S.can show restraint with nuclear weapons, even when their capabilities are vast, according to theCongressional Research Service. Have a port-a-potty inside as well as some food and stored water. The Pentagon also canceled a scheduled test launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile days after Putins announcement. TheU.S.at the time had barely waded into its most ambitious update to the nuclear arsenal since the Cold War, a planned 30-year, $2 trillion refresh. The opinions expressed in reader comments are those of the author only and do not reflect the opinions of The Seattle Times. New Allegations Against Andrew Callaghan , How the Late Jonathan Raban Taught Us to Not Laugh at the Possibility of George Santos Becoming President, All Aboard! Some analysts have seen his approach as a tactic to try to re-engage the United States in talks about the strategic balance between the two powers, for which Moscow has long pushed, with mixed results. According to a 2021 Congressional Research Service report, Russia possesses close to 2,000 tactical. All your loading of supplies and equipment is down through that vertical ladder well, which is not easy. The fact is that the US will detect a nuclear launch from Russia or any other nuclear state that they monitor. Planned "sham" referendums in Russian-controlled areas of Ukraine and rumors of a general mobilization illustrate the Kremlin's narrowing options in a war it no longer seems able to win. "We live in a world where nuclear weapons issues are on the front pages of our newspapers on a regular basis, yet most people still have a very bad sense of what an exploding nuclear weapon can actually do," Wellerstein said in a statement on the simulator website. Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters. ", And another nuclear threat to the UK from Russian state TV's Dmitry Kiselyov:He says his country's Poseidon nuclear underwater drone could cause a tsunami that would "plunge the British Isles into the depths of the sea" and turn them into a "radioactive desert" (with subs) pic.twitter.com/usElgqHeIG, "Of course, the Poseidon torpedo is not the same as the bomb in the Baker test, so we can't say that the consequences would be the same. "I created NUKEMAP because it's very hard for anyoneeven meto intuitively understand the sizes of nuclear explosions, much less the differences between different types of nuclear weapons," Wellerstein told Newsweek. Russian envoy says nuclear powers may clash over Ukraine; H ow you can help the people of Ukraine; The indictment says that since 2020, they conspired to evade U.S. export laws by concealing and . I used NUKEMAP to drop the big one on the nearest military base, and wound up outside the circles for that target. Navy). Kiselyov is one of the main conduits of state televisions strongly anti-American tone, once saying Moscow could turn the United States into radioactive ash. We do not know the endpoints of where either of those other two are going, either in capability or capacity, he said. I used NUKEMAP to drop the big one on the nearest military base, and wound up outside the circles for that target. ", Russia has produced the first set of Poseidon nuclear-capable super torpedoes. I'm not saying Mr Putin won't order nuclear Putin using nukes will kill more Russians than Ukrainians. "There's an enormous amount of variables in pulling off an attack like this flawlessly, and it would have to be flawless. I dropped the big one on MYSELF, and then checked to see if any likely targets were located inside the rings. Patrick Malone is an investigative reporter at The Seattle Times. Poseidon torpedoes were said to be meant only as retaliatory weapons, designed to hit back after a nuclear strike on Russia, according to a U.S. Congressional Research Service (CRS) report last March. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider If you do an extension to your home with a basement shelter underneath, label the basement part as non-livable storage only, and dont show any of the plumbing that might pertain to a future shelter. as well as other partner offers and accept our. Additionally, many birds had malformed sperm, with nearly 40 percent of male birds being completely sterile in the most radioactive areas. No Such Thing As Doomsday: How to Prepare for Earth Changes, Power Outages, Wars & Other Threats. The guided-missile submarine, USS Ohio (SSGN 726), sails through the Puget Sound on June 26, 2015, after departing Puget Sound Naval Shipyard after nearly a year spent in the yards. I dont think theres a snowballs chance in hell that nuclear weapons would come into play in Ukraine. Today, Russia is the power that holds a dramatic advantage in tactical nuclear weapons. The W76-2 warhead was born on paper in February 2018, on page 18 of former President Donald Trumps 100-page unclassified Nuclear Posture Review. Luckily, that bomb was decades ago, when world leaders were narcissistic despots with less regard for human life than their own egos, so surely we're in no danger of some asshole deciding to, say, withdraw the United States from the nuclear arms treaty with Russia. Already, there are signs policymakers are pushing greater reliance on nuclear weapons. Ryabkov said that . Once a nuclear weapon is used, we cannot promise our response will be proportional.. With most everything from Russia or its heavily censored media, it's best to take its claims with a grain of salt. Putin is not suicidal.. This put Russia and its traditional adversary United States in a confrontational mode. Skip Navigation At the outset, it would require a direct military clash of some magnitude between Russia and NATO, Kristensen said. So, only Russia and China have that capacity. If Russia were to use a nuclear weapon or chemical weapons against a civilian target or targets, the response would be "much more severe." In this or some of the more serious cases described . The old fallout map is much better, with the three large swaths of fallout stemming from enemy surface bursts in the three Minuteman III fields in Colorado/Wyoming, North Dakota and Montana. I used the NukeMap set to the closest possible nuclear target to my location, that is Oak Ridge Tennessee and according to the map Im safe from the detonation blast of the largest Russia bomb the Tsar Bomba, however, thermal radiation could be an issue. Many experts demand a one size fits all PF of 1000, but that means that very few could afford to build a shelter or safe roomand they dont. We, on the other hand, have formulated a retaliatory strike in our strategy. Posting comments is now limited to subscribers only. The Kremlin had previously branded the deadly weapon, which. For example, Immediately to the West of Seattle, which has multiple nuclear targets around Puget Sound including the Trident submarine base, you would probably need a PF of 1000 to shield against several inches of radioactive dust on your roof.

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